Which two characteristics are used to describe soil?

The characteristics used to describe soil include color and texture as they provide essential visual and tactile information about the soil's properties. Color can indicate the organic matter content, moisture levels, and can vary depending on the mineral composition of the soil. For example, dark brown or black soil typically suggests high organic matter content, while lighter colors may indicate less organic matter or mineral-rich soils.

Texture refers to the size and distribution of soil particles, including sand, silt, and clay. This aspect of soil influences its drainage capacity, nutrient retention, and overall fertility. For example, sandy soils have larger particles, leading to better drainage but lower nutrient retention, while clay soils have smaller particles, which can hold water and nutrients but may drain poorly.

Together, color and texture provide a foundational understanding of soil suitability for various uses, such as agriculture or construction.