What is the "angle of repose" in earthwork?

The angle of repose refers to the steepest angle at which loose material, such as soil, gravel, or sand, can remain stable without sliding. This concept is critical in earthwork because it helps engineers and construction professionals determine how steep a slope can be constructed safely without the risk of soil erosion or landslides. The angle of repose varies depending on the type of material, grain size, and moisture content, among other factors.

Understanding the angle of repose is essential for designing stable slopes in various applications, including roads, embankments, and retaining walls. A slope exceeding the angle of repose is likely to cause the material to fail, leading to potential safety hazards and costly remediation efforts. Therefore, option B accurately encapsulates the significance of the angle of repose in earthwork and soil stability.