In earthwork, what does "fill material" refer to?

Fill material refers specifically to substances that are used to raise the ground level in construction and earthwork projects. This can include a variety of materials, such as soil, gravel, sand, or crushed stone, which are added to areas that require elevation or to create a stable base for structures, roadways, or landscaping. The primary purpose of fill material is to provide the necessary support and height to achieve the intended design elevation, thereby ensuring proper drainage and stability within the project area.

In contrast, other options mention processes or materials that do not align with the definition of fill material: lowering ground levels, material discarded during excavation, or material specifically intended for drainage purposes do not fit the classification of fill. Understanding the role and attributes of fill material is crucial for effective earthwork management and construction practices.